\u00c7in Xalq Respublikas\u0131 c\u0259mi iki il \u0259rzind\u0259 \u2013 2011\u20132013-c\u00fc ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda \u2013 b\u00fct\u00fcn XX \u0259sr \u0259rzind\u0259 AB\u015e t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n istifad\u0259 olunmu\u015f sement miqdar\u0131n\u0131 faktiki olaraq \u00fcst\u0259l\u0259mi\u015fdir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u00c7in t\u0259qrib\u0259n 6,6 milyard ton sement istehlak etmi\u015fdir. M\u00fcqayis\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, AB\u015e 1901\u20132000-ci ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259, y\u0259ni tam y\u00fczillik bir zaman k\u0259siyind\u0259, \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 4,4 milyard ton sementd\u0259n istifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. Bu k\u0259skin f\u0259rq s\u0259naye miqyas\u0131nda urbanizasiya v\u0259 in\u015faat dinamikalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya \u00fczr\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n t\u0259bi\u0259tini ayd\u0131n \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AB\u015e XX \u0259sr boyu geni\u015f magistral yollar\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 g\u00f6yd\u0259l\u0259nl\u0259rini, iri s\u0259naye zonalar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259traf\u0131 massivi (suburbia) formala\u015fd\u0131rark\u0259n uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli, m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259li bir inki\u015faf modelin\u0259 \u0259saslanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu model B\u00f6y\u00fck Depressiya, II D\u00fcnya M\u00fcharib\u0259si sonras\u0131 \u201cG.I. Bill\u201d urbanizasiyas\u0131, 1956-c\u0131 il Federal Avtomobil Magistrallar\u0131 Akt\u0131 v\u0259 1970\u20131980-ci ill\u0259rin suburb inki\u015faf dal\u011falar\u0131 il\u0259 tamamlan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7in is\u0259 analoji infrastruktur v\u0259 urbanizasiya h\u0259cmind\u0259 i\u015fi c\u0259mi 1000 g\u00fcn \u0259rzind\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irmi\u015fdir. Bu, tarixi kontekstd\u0259 misli-b\u0259rab\u0259ri olmayan miqyas v\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259t dem\u0259kdir. S\u0259naye istehsal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, iri tikinti \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rinin v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma strategiyalar\u0131n\u0131n sinxron f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 n\u0259h\u0259ng tikinti g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rin\u0259 nail olma\u011fa imkan vermi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7inin tikinti modeli AB\u015e-dak\u0131 klassik bir ail\u0259lik a\u011fac karkasl\u0131 f\u0259rdi ev tipologiyas\u0131ndan ciddi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nir. AB\u015e-da uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli olaraq \u201cwood-frame housing\u201d \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyi halda, \u00c7in urbanizasiyan\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0131xl\u0131ql\u0131 \u00e7oxm\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259li ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f binalar\u0131na, k\u00fctl\u0259vi d\u0259mir-beton konstruksiyalar\u0131na, iri n\u0259qliyyat qov\u015faqlar\u0131na, metro x\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259, y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u00fcr\u0259tli d\u0259mir yollar\u0131na v\u0259 \u00e7oxfunksiyal\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rin\u0259 vermi\u015fdir. Bu, h\u0259m geni\u015fmiqyasl\u0131 miqrasiya ax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 iri s\u0259naye regionlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sini qar\u015f\u0131layan struktur yana\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu infrastruktur s\u0131\u00e7ray\u0131\u015f\u0131 eyni zamanda qlobal material d\u00f6vriyy\u0259sind\u0259 ciddi d\u0259yi\u015fiklik dem\u0259kdir. Sement istehsal\u0131 s\u0259naye karbon emissiyalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n iri komponentl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. Portland sementinin istehsal\u0131nda kalsinasiya prosesi n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259m kimy\u0259vi, h\u0259m d\u0259 enerji m\u0259nb\u0259yin\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olaraq \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli CO2 emissiyas\u0131 yaran\u0131r. Bu bax\u0131mdan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2013 \u00c7inin sement istehlak\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u0259tli art\u0131m onun \u00fcmumi karbon izini \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259ltmi\u015fdir;
\u2013 Qlobal iqlim strategiyalar\u0131nda tikinti materiallar\u0131n\u0131n dekarbonizasiyas\u0131 (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, alternativ ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar, karbon tutma texnologiyalar\u0131, t\u0259krar emal edilmi\u015f sement komponentl\u0259ri) \u0259sas m\u00fczakir\u0259 m\u00f6vzusuna \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir;
\u2013 Urbanizasiya s\u00fcr\u0259tinin iqlim \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259ri il\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 davam ed\u0259n \u00e7\u0259tinlikdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7inin bu miqyasl\u0131 tikinti f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti yaln\u0131z \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 iqtisadi struktur bax\u0131m\u0131ndan vacibdir. \u201cS\u0259rmay\u0259-tikinti modeli\u201d \u00f6lk\u0259nin 2010-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259ki \u00dcDM art\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tverici q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri olmu\u015fdur. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259 2008 qlobal maliyy\u0259 b\u00f6hran\u0131ndan sonra \u00c7in iqtisadi stimulus proqram\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck infrastruktur layih\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurmu\u015f v\u0259 bu sah\u0259d\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t investisiyalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259skin art\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r d\u00fcnya iqtisadi v\u0259 urbanizasiya tarixind\u0259 \u0259sas tendensiyan\u0131n d\u0259yi\u015fdiyini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. XX \u0259srd\u0259 Amerikan\u0131n s\u0259naye irsi nec\u0259 qlobal standart formala\u015fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131sa, XXI \u0259srin ilk onillikl\u0259rind\u0259 bu rolu faktiki olaraq \u00c7in \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Bu ke\u00e7id, h\u0259m in\u015faat materiallar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya bazarlar\u0131nda qiym\u0259t formala\u015fmas\u0131na, h\u0259m d\u0259 qlobal karbon strategiyalar\u0131na t\u0259sir ed\u0259n fundamental makroiqtisadi amildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u0259nb\u0259:<\/strong> Smil, V. Creating the Modern World: Materials and Dematerialization. Wiley.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00c7in Xalq Respublikas\u0131 c\u0259mi iki il \u0259rzind\u0259 \u2013 2011\u20132013-c\u00fc ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda \u2013 b\u00fct\u00fcn XX \u0259sr \u0259rzind\u0259 AB\u015e t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n istifad\u0259 olunmu\u015f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":23163,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-xeberler"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atia-az.az\/atia-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atia-az.az\/atia-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atia-az.az\/atia-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atia-az.az\/atia-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atia-az.az\/atia-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23160"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/atia-az.az\/atia-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23160\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atia-az.az\/atia-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23163"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atia-az.az\/atia-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atia-az.az\/atia-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atia-az.az\/atia-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}